Before the turn of this century, studies conducted by Richards Bay Minerals inferred a resource at what became known as the Xolobeni mineral sands project of 83 million tons of mineral sands, including 10 percent of heavy minerals.
Most titanium mineral production is used to make titanium dioxide pigment used in the paint, plastics and paper industries, while a portion is used to make titanium metal for specialised uses like medical prostheses and spacecraft.
In 2002, Mineral Commodities (MRC) subsidiary TEM was granted a prospecting permit over the Xolobeni area and completed a drilling programme. A 2003 desktop study put the resource at 310 million tons, the bulk in the central Skombe, Kwanyana and Mnyameni blocks of the permit area. Mine life was listed as 22 years.
The mining right awarded to TEM in 2008 covered only the Kwanyana block, but the company retained prospecting rights for the remaining four blocks until 2010. The Kwanyana block, covering nearly a third of the total area applied for, was last estimated to have a resource of 139 million tons. – Ingi Salgado
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