London: Drinking coffee protects the liver against a number of diseases, a major report has concluded.
Until recently, experts warned against having more than a few cups of coffee a day for fear it might cause cancer, but its medical rehabilitation is well under way.
The British Liver Trust adds to the growing weight of evidence around the health benefits of drinking coffee, publishing an 83-page report summarising all existing research on the subject. It concludes that coffee protects against fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis, which can be fatal.
And for those who already have liver disease, drinking coffee can slow its progression.
Professor Graeme Alexander, a liver expert at Cambridge University Hospitals, said: “At last physicians have found a lifestyle habit that is good for your liver. The evidence in this report shows that drinking coffee can protect you from developing liver disease and, in addition, reduces the risk of progressive disease for those already affected.
“We have an epidemic of liver disease in the UK, and the numbers affected are growing at an alarming rate.”
Liver disease is the third biggest cause of premature death in the UK and one of the fastest growing – the rate of death has increased by almost 500 percent since 1970.
Many cases of liver disease are caused by alcohol, but Britain’s growing obesity crisis means increasing numbers are at risk of developing potentially fatal fatty liver disease.
Recent research, however, suggests that drinking about six espressos, or three large cappuccinos, daily could ward off non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, even among the obese.
Other major causes of liver problems include blood-borne viruses such as hepatitis A, B and C, which can cause permanent liver damage and increase the risk of liver cancer.
The World Health Organisation, which published its report in the Lancet Oncology medical journal last week, found that the risk of liver cancer decreases 15 percent for each cup of coffee per day.
Experts are not certain why coffee seems to have such a protective impact on the liver, but there is growing evidence that when caffeine enters the body, one of the molecules it is broken down into, paraxanthine, may slow the growth of tissues that damage the liver.
Two other substances in coffee, kahweol and cafestol, are also thought to play a role.
Andrew Langford, chief executive of the British Liver Trust, warned that prevention was far better than cure.
“By the time most people have signs and symptoms of liver damage it is often irreversible,” he said.
“It’s known as a silent killer because it has few symptoms. Three-quarters of people already have late-stage liver disease when they are first diagnosed – by this time, for many, it is too late.”
Previous studies have suggested that drinking coffee may reduce the risk of multiple sclerosis, heart disease, Parkinson’s disease and type 2 diabetes. The European Food Safety Authority advises drinking no more than 400mg of caffeine a day – the equivalent of five espressos. – Daily Mail