London - Researchers at Imperial College London have found evidence a chemical in broccoli and other green leafy vegetables could boost a natural defence mechanism that protects arteries from the clogging that can cause heart attacks.
In a study funded by the British Heart Foundation charity and conducted on mice, the researchers found that sulforaphane - a compound occurring naturally in broccoli and other brassicas - could "switch on" a protective protein which is inactive in parts of the arteries vulnerable to clogging.
"We know that vegetables are clearly good for you, but surprisingly the molecular mechanisms of why they are good for you have remained unknown for many years," said Paul Evans of the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College.
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"This study provides a possible explanation for how green vegetable consumption can promote a healthy heart."
Scientists already know that arteries don't clog up in a uniform way, but that there are bends and branches of blood vessels - where blood flow is disrupted or slower - which are much more prone to the build-up of fatty plaques that cause heart disease.
Evans said his research found that in the more vulnerable areas, a normally protective protein known as Nrf2 is inactive.
"What our study showed was that sulforaphane can protect those regions by switching on the Nrf2," he said.
The research, reported in the journal Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, was conducted using purified sulforaphane, not broccoli. Researchers said the next step was to test the effect of the chemical as it is found in vegetables.
"We now need to go and test this with broccoli smoothies, as it were, and compare that with the effect of purified sulforaphane," Evans said, adding that if the vegetable form proved less effective, there could be an argument for taking sulforaphane in pill form.
Reporting by Kate Kelland. Editing by Ralph Boulton
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