Chemicals that could cause cancer

Phthalates are man-made chemicals thought to interfere with the natural hormones that are crucial to overall health.

Phthalates are man-made chemicals thought to interfere with the natural hormones that are crucial to overall health.

Published Jun 30, 2015

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London - Fifty everyday chemicals, including one found in fried potatoes, could be combining to increase our risk of cancer, researchers say.

Previous studies may have under-estimated the danger because they did not take into account the risk the chemicals pose together.

A taskforce of 174 scientists across 28 countries reviewed studies looking at the link between mixtures of “common and unavoidable” chemicals and the development of disease.

Fifty of the chemicals were rated as having small effects on the body at low doses and considered to pose little risk. But the researchers suggest they could combine with other chemicals to trigger changes that could lead to cancer.

Among chemicals flagged up were triclosan, found in anti-bacterial handwash; phthalates, found in plastics; titanium dioxide, used in suncream; and acrylamide, which is found in fried potatoes.

The report says: “Current approaches to the study of chemical exposures and carcinogenesis [formation of cancer] have not been designed to address effects at low concentrations or in complex mixtures.”

Cancer biologist Dr Hemad Yasaei, of Brunel University in London, said: “This research backs up the idea that chemicals not considered harmful by themselves are combining and accumulating in our bodies to trigger cancer and might lie behind the global cancer epidemic we are witnessing.

“We urgently need to focus more resources to research the effect of low dose exposure to mixtures of chemicals in the food we eat, air we breathe and water we drink.”

Current research estimates chemicals could be responsible for as many as one in five cancers. With the human population routinely exposed to thousands of chemicals, the effects need to be better understood to reduce the incidence of cancer globally.

Dr Yasaei said he did not want people to be alarmed by the research, published in a special series of Oxford University Publishing’s Carcinogenesis journal.

The 50 chemicals were safe in low doses, but the research was carried out to highlight “a gap in our knowledge and we hope this will merit further investigation”, he said.

Current approaches to cancer test only the substance on its own, but other chemicals build up in our bodies over time and are present in our environments.

Dr Yasaei said: “We don’t want to create a panic. What we are saying is we purposely did not look at chemicals already known to cause cancer directly, but chemicals that may cause a disturbance in a cell.”

He gave the example of atrazine, a weedkiller which is used on maize crops in the US and which is regarded as safe. He said it could come into contact with nickel, which is found in pots and pans – but the effects of the two chemicals in combination on the human body are not known.

Dr Yasaei said the various permutations of all the different chemicals were almost impossible to experience together.

 

FROM CHIPS TO PERFUME, THE DANGER LIST

Some of the 50 chemicals that may, in combination, increase our risk of cancer.

Acrylamide: Found in chips and other deep-fried food. Produced naturally in starchy foods when they are cooked at high temperatures.

Carbon black: Used in tyres and rubber products but also for toning ink in printers.

Copper: Used in electrical generators and motors, wiring and radio and TV sets.

Lead: Most often used in building construction and car batteries, but also found in ammunition.

Malathion: Insecticide used for mosquitoes.

Mercury: Used in thermometers and other scientific instruments. Its vapour is used in streetlights, fluorescent lamps and advertising signs.

Phthalates: Commonly used in toiletries such as perfume, eye shadow, moisturiser and hair spray. Also found in plastic products such as shower curtains, floor tiles and cleaning materials.

Sulphur dioxide: Used as a preservative in wine and for foods such as dried apricots and figs.

Titanium dioxide NPs: Used in cosmetics, including as a sunblock.

Triclosan: Used as a preservative and antiseptic in products including cosmetics, household cleaning products and paint.

Daily Mail

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