London - Residents of the world’s largest refugee camp fear they will face sexual violence and forced recruitment into armed conflict if the settlement is broken up as planned at the end of next month, according to a major new report.
The Kenyan government has vowed to shut down the Dadaab camp and push its 261 000 inhabitants back across the border into Somalia. The international aid group Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) surveyed heads of households representing some 5 500 people, and the overwhelming majority said they did not want to return to Somalia.
In Dadaab, Somali refugees are not allowed to leave the camp to travel or work. They live in overcrowded conditions with long queues for water and provisions, and face sporadic outbreaks of cholera and measles. International aid to the camp has dwindled since a series of security incidents from 2011 onwards, and tight restrictions on entry and exit to the camp mean increasingly its inhabitants’ voices are not heard.
Yet in a report offering rare insight into the lives of this huge refugee population, MSF found that 86 percent of those surveyed would rather stay than return to Somalia. “The living condition in the camps is not rosy, but still it is heaven for us in comparison to going back to Somalia,” one refugee said. The primary concern for these refugees is security. Almost all (97.5 percent) rated the risk of forced recruitment into armed groups in Somalia as high, and a similar number (97 percent) – men and women – voiced fears about the risk of sexual violence.
Though a large number of Dadaab’s residents were born there, more than four in five respondents said they believed Somalia to be a “very unsafe” place, compared to 96 percent rating their camp as “very safe”, despite its shortcomings. “Somalia is currently not in a position to take care of itself, and so the decision to move the refugees back to Somalia only means exposing them to imminent danger,” one community leader said. “I am afraid to go back because there is no life and no hope there.”
The Kenyan government delayed the closure of Dadaab amid opposition from the UN refugee agency in August, finally settling on a date of 30 November. MSF said it was “strongly opposed” to the move - which Kenya says must happen on security grounds - and in its report stated “hundreds of thousands of lives will be put at risk”.
“What is clear is that returning to Somalia now will have disastrous consequences on people’s health,” said Liesbeth Aelbrecht, Head of Mission for MSF in Kenya. “It will escalate their vulnerability to malnutrition, weakening their immune systems and making them vulnerable to infectious diseases.”
Founded in 1991 as a temporary shelter for 90,000 people, Dadaab ballooned until it became a network of integrated camps housing almost half a million people at the start of this decade. Some have returned to Somalia voluntarily, but what is left is a solid city, albeit one built of mudbricks and sheet metal. MSF operates services for the 67,000 residents of the Dagahaley camp, one of five making up Dadaab as a whole, and it says there is nothing close to a comparable level of healthcare provision for people to return to in Somalia.
Its report calls on the Kenyan government to change its mind on closing Dadaab entirely, and instead work with the UN to find voluntary, long-term solutions such as rehoming refugees to key donor countries.
The Independent