Albuquerque, New Mexico - The last of 29 Navajo Americans who developed an unbreakable code that helped Allied forces win World War 2 died in New Mexico on Wednesday of kidney failure at the age of 93.
Chester Nez was the last survivor of an original group of 29 Navajos recruited by the US Marine Corps to create a code based on their language that the Japanese could not crack.
His son, Michael Nez, said his father died peacefully in his sleep at their home in Albuquerque.
“He had been battling kidney disease and it seems like the disease won,” Michael Nez told Reuters. “He's the last of a great era, a great part of history.”
About 400 code talkers would go on to use their unique battlefield cipher to encrypt messages sent from field telephones and radios throughout the Pacific theatre during the war.
It was regarded as secure from Japanese military code-breakers because the language was spoken only in the US South-west, was known by fewer than 30 non-Navajo people, and had no written form.
The Navajos' skill, speed and accuracy under fire in ferocious battles from the Marshall Islands to Iwo Jima are credited with saving thousands of US servicemen's lives and helping shorten the war. Their work was celebrated in the 2002 movie Windtalkers.
The president of the Navajo Nation, Ben Shelly, said he had ordered flags to be lowered to half-staff in memory of Nez.
“It saddens me to hear the last of the original code talkers has died,” Shelly said. “We are proud of these young men in defending the country they loved using their Navajo language.”
The Marine Corps said in a statement it mourned Nez's passing, but honoured and celebrated “the indomitable spirit and dedication” showed by him and his colleagues.
“The incredible bravery, dedicated service and sacrifices of Mr Nez and his fellow Code Talkers will forever remain part of the proud legacy of our Corps and will continue to inspire generations of Marines,” the statement added.
Last November, the American Veterans Centre honoured Nez for bravery and valour above and beyond the call of duty, awarding him the Audie Murphy Award for distinguished service.
“I was very proud to say that the Japanese did everything in their power to break that code but they never did,” Nez said in an interview with the Stars and Stripes newspaper the day before receiving the award.
Nez and his young fellow recruits were called communications specialists by the Marines and were taught Morse code, semaphore and “blinker,” a system using lights to send messages between ships.
The code they developed substituted Navajo words for military terms. CHAY-DA-GAHI, which translates to “turtle”, came to mean a tank, while a GINI, “chicken hawk” in English, became a dive bomber. America was NE-HE-MAH, “our mother”.
The code talkers, whose actions were recognised with the Congressional Gold Medal in 2001, served in all six Marine divisions and 13 were killed in World War 2.
Nez also volunteered to serve two more years during the Korean War. He retired in 1974 after a 25-year career as a painter at the Veterans Administration hospital in Albuquerque.
Shelly said the Navajo Nation was drafting a proclamation in honour of Nez that it plans to present, along with the Navajo Nation flag, to the code talker's relatives. Nez is expected to be buried at the Santa Fe National Cemetery next week. - Reuters