London – Firefighters searched for bodies Thursday in a London tower block gutted by an inferno that has already left 17 people dead, as questions grew over whether a refurbishment had contributed to the disaster.
The death toll was expected to rise further as crews picked their way through the blackened skeleton of the 24-storey Grenfell Tower, home to around 600 people and the scene of horror on Tuesday night.
Whole families remain missing after the fire swept up the local authority building, forcing residents to flee through black smoke down the single stairwell, jump out of windows or even drop their children to safety.
Fire Commissioner Dany Cotton said parts of the tower were unsafe and it would take a long time to complete a detailed search of every floor.
She told Sky News there were still "unknown numbers" of people inside and it would take weeks to fully search the building.
"Tragically now we are not expecting to find anyone else alive," she said.
'Corporate manslaughter'
Questions are growing about how the flames spread so quickly, engulfing its 120 apartments in what fire chiefs said was an unprecedented blaze.
David Lammy, a London MP, joined the chorus of condemnation and said the fire amounted to "corporate manslaughter".
"It's absolutely unacceptable that people should die in this way in Britain," he told BBC radio.
Emergency service responders and local people gather at a cordon near the site of a massive fire in west London. Picture: Rick Findler/PA via AP
The focus of criticism centres on the cladding fitted to external walls on the 1970s concrete block as part of a £8.7-million ($11 million, 9.9 million euros) refit completed only last year.
According to the BBC, the cladding had a plastic core, and was similar to that used by high-rise buildings in France, the United Arab Emirates and Australia, which had also suffered fires that spread.
Rydon, the firm responsible for the refit, said the project "met all required building regulations".
Harley Facades, which fitted the panels, told the BBC: "At this time, we are not aware of any link between the fire and the exterior cladding to the tower."
Prime Minister Theresa May said there would be an investigation into the cause of the "appalling tragedy", once the last bodies had been recovered.
On Thursday, she met with emergency services at the wreckage of the west London tower, ahead of a visit by opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn.
Queen Elizabeth II sent her condolences, paying tribute to the bravery of the emergency services.
"It is also heartening to see the incredible generosity of community volunteers rallying to help those affected by this terrible event," she in a statement.
'We saw them dying'
Grenfell Tower looms over a social housing estate in north Kensington, just streets away from some of the most expensive homes in the world in Notting Hill.
The area has a large immigrant population, but many families have lived in the area for years, passing their low-rent homes onto their children.
Witnesses told how residents in the upper floors shone their mobile phone torches to attract attention, before they disappeared from view, their screams of help falling silent.
A man reads messages of condolence on a wall near a tower block gutted by a serious fire in north Kensington, West London. Picture: Reuters
"We saw them dying," said Adi Estu, 32, who was evacuated from her home nearby.
Some desperate people reportedly jumped from the windows, while one witness, Samira Lamrani, said she saw a woman drop a baby from the ninth or 10th floor, for the child to be caught by a man below.
The fire triggered a wave of mourning in a country already battered by a string of terror attacks.
More than £480,000 had been raised online for the victims by early Thursday, while local community centres were inundated by donations of clothes and food.
Volunteers in the city of Glasgow – 550 kilometres (350 miles) away – sent a truck laden with nappies and other supplies.
Questions over safety measures
Cladding has been added to a number of buildings across London in recent years, intended to provide insulation as well as improve the appearance of older buildings.
But Kostas Tsavdaridis, associate professor of Structural Engineering at the University of Leeds warned: "Some materials used in facades act as significant fire loads.
"Although theoretically they are fire resistant, in most cases they are high-temperature resistant instead of fire resistant. But even if they are, smoke and fire will spread through the joints and connections."
There were questions about why there was no sprinkler system in the Grenfell Tower which could have helped stop the fire spreading, or any central smoke alarm system that would have woken sleeping residents.
Official fire service advice for residents to stay in their homes and use towels to block out smoke, while awaiting help, has also come under scrutiny.
Firefighters were only able to reach the tower's 12th floor of the block at the height of the blaze.
Abdelaziz El-Wahabi, his wife Faouzia and their three children were among those who followed to protocol in their flat on the 21st floor.
"Last time I spoke to his wife, he was on the phone to the fire brigade. I've not heard from them since," his sister Hanan Wahabi told AFP on Wednesday morning.
David Collins, former chairman of the Grenfell Tower Residents' Association, said the building's management had failed to listen to residents' calls for improvements on fire safety.
One concern raised was about uncovered gas pipes in the stairwell.
"If the same concerns were had in a wealthy part of Kensington and Chelsea they would have got resolved, but here they didn't get resolved," Collins told AFP.