Social cohesion in SA is what it is all about

Since it began centuries ago, the South African Struggle has been premised on creating a just and equal society that would, ultimately, be a home for all, irrespective of race, class, position or background.

If African warriors who served under African kings like Ngqika of the Xhosa, Shaka of the Zulus and Moshoeshoe of BaSotho, among others, were to arise from their resting places and visit the “new South Africa”, they would be amazed by what they would witness and experience.

They would be plunged into a nation-in-the-making that consists not only of descendants from ethnic groups but people from Europe, Asia, America and, significantly, other diverse nationalities in the African continent. They would have to learn not only their mother tongues but English and one or more indigenous African languages depending where they are. Over the last three centuries, SA has become unrecognisably different from what our ancestors left behind.

Before 1652, Africans were born into small families, clans and tribes where they would live and grow up among people who did things the same way, producing the same monotony and predictability without any significant influence from outsiders.

The question of identity, culture and language, for instance, was clear-cut, as everything was not only made within that clan or tribe but passed from one generation to the next.

There was no complexity in determining ownership and control of the land and its wealth. But this is the experience, heritage and history that shaped our past. This is the background and world that many of us come from.

Now, if you walk in Joburg, Cape Town, Durban, Mbombela or Polokwane on any day, you will encounter people from all over the world.

Between 1652 and the present, many of our forebears have not only fought to occupy space but sacrificed their lives to create a just and equal society that can be a home for all.

It was through a bloody struggle that was finally settled through negotiations that people of this beautiful land now understand that the villages, towns and cities of SA belong to all people who live in it, united in our diversity.

One of the first Africans to attend university abroad, Pixley ka Isaka Seme, returned with a European education not only to espouse a gospel of a new Africa founded on equality, justice and brotherhood but to found the first liberation movement on the continent, that is, the ANC. Ironically, it was the last to attain freedom and the right to self-determination.

As early as 1943 – two years before the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Seme and comrades released a premier document known as the African Claims Charter that articulated their aspirations for a new Africa that would be a home for all in a non-racial and democratic society.

Previously, they had tried to engage colonial powers in negotiations to make them see the sense of making SA a home for all. It turned out that they were too ahead of their time and myopic colonial leaders could not appreciate what they were offering the whole world.

The new SA that we are grappling to establish in the second decade of the 21st century could have been attained in the 1940s if power-drunk European powers had possessed the intelligence and insight of our African ancestors. But in a world where power is defined by guns and tanks, it is easy to mistake might for right.

To keep this dream alive, Professor Zakes Matthews at Fort Hare proposed the idea of the Congress of the People, which culminated in the signing of the Freedom Charter in Kliptown in 1955, building on what had happened before.

In the mid-1960s, following the banning of the liberation movements of the ANC and PAC, a young Steve Bantu Biko founded a philosophical movement that espoused Black Consciousness not only to reignite self-pride among black people but to “give the world a human face”.

It was only when Nelson Mandela was inaugurated as the first president of a democratically elected government in 1994 that we were brought closer to the realisation of the magnificent dream that Archbishop Desmond Tutu called a “rainbow nation”.

Significantly, the turning point was the adoption of our world-renowned constitution in 1996. It not only encapsulates the ideals, principles and values that are the foundation of our society but should shape and influence our conduct, behaviour and attitude towards ourselves and fellow men.

It is through the preamble to the constitution that “we the people of South Africa declare that… South Africa belongs to all, united in our diversity”.

To keep the current government in line with this prophetic vision, the Minister of Arts and Culture, Paul Mashatile, has been mandated with Outcome 12(b) to build “an empowered, fair and inclusive citizenry” that not only connects this government with what has gone before but brings to the fore the urgency of one nation of many cultures united in its diversity.

Even before the arrival of the white man, Africans have been at the forefront of building these larger societies based on the concept of ubuntu that would transcend tribe, race, culture and language in the continuous effort to “give the world a human face”.

Only a few weeks ago, President Jacob Zuma announced the hosting of the Social Cohesion Summit to take place on the July 4-5 in Kliptown. The time has come for us to be nothing else but what former ANC president Oliver Tambo called “caring and proud South Africans who are neither black nor white”.

Walking the talk will certainly begin, ironically, on July 4, which coincides with America’s Day of Independence. In fact, South Africans are doing much better than America when it comes to building a world with a human face.

l Sandile Memela is the chief director for social cohesion in the Department of Arts & Culture.