Los Angeles – Stunning visual confirmation of Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity has been provided by the Hubble Space Telescope, after astronomers captured the first images of light from an exploding star being distorted by a cluster of galaxies.
The scientist first predicted the effect more than a century ago and now, after 50 years of scanning the skies, it has finally been detected. The photograph shows the telltale signature of four points of light, originating from a single supernova explosion, arranged in an “Einstein cross” around a distant galaxy cluster.
The four spots are the result of a hidden mass of dark matter inside the galaxy bending the light from the supernova which is many light years away but which falls directly behind it when viewed from Hubble.
Each of the four points of light take a different path through space and their travel times are affected by the amount of missing matter – the invisible dark matter that makes up most of the universe – that they have to pass through on their journey, said Patrick Kelly, of the University of California, Berkeley, who was part of the international team supported by the American and European space agencies, Nasa and ESA.
The effect is analogous to several trains leaving the same station at the same time but following different routes, some slower than others, to the same final destination, said Steve Rodney, of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, one of the authors of the study published in the journal Science.
Einstein’s general theory of relativity predicts that dense concentrations of matter in the universe will exert such a strong gravitational pull on light passing through it that light becomes bent, just like a lens in a pair of spectacles.
The Independent