IN 2008, hundreds of South African women donned their miniskirts and protested at the taxi rank where a young girl was brutally accosted by taxi drivers and hawkers for wearing a short denim skirt. The men who accosted her allegedly stuck their fingers into her vagina and called her a “slut”.
Women were outraged. The angry protesters wore miniskirts and T-Shirts saying, “Pissed-Off Women.” They stormed the ranks and told the perpetrators in no uncertain terms to lay off women and girls who wore jeans and short skirts. Their message was clear. Don’t tell us what to wear and don’t think that our short skirts are an invitation either.
This past weekend women and men gathered in Cape Town and Durban for South Africa’s first of a series of Slut Walk initiatives. Everyone dressed up in clothing that would typically be considered “slutty” and placards sporting messages such as “Patriarchs se p***!” and “Proud Slut” abounded. The atmosphere was electric with ribaldry, revolution and a celebratory freedom of sexual expression most often linked to Gay Pride. What this tells us is that South African women from different social classes and cultures have collectively had enough of sexual assault, rape and the patriarchal controlling attitudes towards them. They have joined the global Slut Walk movement to add their voices to the powerful message that enough is enough.
The Slut Walk phenomenon began in Toronto in April when a policeman offered advice to students on how to avoid sexual assault in a crime safety forum at Toronto University. His comment to them: “You know, I think we’re beating around the bush here. I’ve been told I’m not supposed to say this. However, women should avoid dressing like sluts in order not to be victimised.”
Little did he realise that his utterances would spark a worldwide feminine movement which deconstructs the patriarchal view that it is what women wear that causes the perpetrator to rape.
Nor did he realise that the very word he used in a derogatory sense would be the very word that would be adopted as the signifier for this rebellion.
The organisers of the first march in Toronto seized the word “slut” and reclaimed their right to wear what they want and express their sexuality freely. The message was loud and clear: “Don’t tell us what to wear – tell men not to rape.” After this first Slut Walk in Toronto, it became a phenomenon that rapidly spread. Facebook also boasts close to 100 Slut Walk pages from countries around the world.
This Slut Walk phenomenon shows no signs of abating any time soon. It is a movement that refuses to be shamed and the messages from every country are similar.
“This is what I was wearing when I got raped & I still did not ask for it,” states a purple placard carried by a voluptuous woman wearing a low-cut black lace top and leggings.
“I was wearing jeans and a button-up collar shirt when I got raped,” states another. “I was 10 when my father raped me and he did not care what I was wearing,” shouts another.
“I wear heels to be tall. Not raped!” says a placard carried by a short woman in heels and tight miniskirt.
“Control yourselves – not women!” states a placard carried by a long-haired young man holding hands with his girlfriend.
Whether the messages on these placards are raunchy, poignant, witty or angry, the memorandum is unambiguous. Women have had enough of being told that they are the ones to blame – of being taught to police themselves instead of men being taught not to rape – of being labelled as sluts as if this label justifies their mistreatment. And uncannily it is this very label that fuels the movement.
It seems that in the reclamation of the slut label, the word has been alchemically transformed into an elixir for change.
Few would have guessed that this little word contains so much power. It has been used against women for centuries – to denigrate working women, persecute women with libido and even burn women at the stake.
It has been used to hyper-sexualise and objectify women and to turn women into repressed joyless vessels and sexual victims.
It has been a tool of control utilised to maximum effect by misogynists, witch hunters, and rapists throughout the centuries.
But now that women have seized and reclaimed this word, it is being wielded as a revolutionary tool to rebel against this ongoing patriarchal hold on the feminine.
This four-lettered word has proved its potency in a short space of time and has catapulted the issue of sexual abuse and rape right into a global public arena with an effectiveness never witnessed before.
While there are some feminists who dismiss the use of a word that has such negative connotations to make a point about sexual assault and women’s empowerment, the Slut Walk has become a global phenomenon that has been endorsed by feminists such as Germaine Greer, while Eve Enlser, famous for The Vagina Monologues, is quoted in numerous slogans carried by Slut Walkers.
Poet and feminist Alice Walker has also recently sanctioned it in an interview with Guernica Magazine. She succinctly encapsulates the essence of the movement in her interpretation of the use of the controversial word when she says: “I’ve always understood the word ‘slut’ to mean a woman who freely enjoys her own sexuality in any way she wants to; undisturbed by other people’s wishes for her behaviour.
“Sexual desire originates in her and is directed by her. In that sense it is a word well worth retaining. As a poet, I find it has a rich, raunchy, elemental, down-to-earth sound, that connects us to something primal, moist, and free.”
In my view, the word “slut” is a signifier for the resurgence of the primal sexual nature of women that has been pushed underground and controlled by a misogynistic order for centuries. It seems to me that women are responding to a collective archetypal call to seize back the freedom to be themselves. It is also about rebelling against the social and public discourse that has been controlled by a patriarchal hold over language, a phenomenon that continues in the neoliberal discourse of today.
It is about the power of the word “slut” – a power that resides within its etymology.
In short, a slut has historically been defined as a woman who is at once hyper-sexual (having “too much” sex, “dirty” sex, or sex with too many partners) but also a woman who is filthy, incompetent, or in some way distasteful.
The sexual definition is the one that persists to this day – women are constantly called sluts in an attempt to shame and denigrate them.
Slut-shaming has become a form of controlling women and a means of pushing the libidinous wild woman underground and silencing her. It is a word that perpetuates the patriarchal agenda in multifarious ways.
For me the adoption of this word as the signifier to this global feminine rebellion is directly rooted in language similar to the poststructuralist feminist movement of the 1970s.
This movement was born out of a common need for all women to create a language that escapes the clutches of the panoptical patriarch that has established himself as a jailer in our collective feminine consciousness.
In opposition to Western phallogocentrism, these feminists identified language as a means by which “man objectifies the world, reduces it to his own terms, speaks in place of everything and everyone else – including women”. The movement called on women to find a language that spoke their sex and existed outside of the patriarchal hold over discourse.
The Slut Walkers are seen to subvert this patriarchal institution of language through the reclamation of the word slut — and have thus redirected a celebratory sexuality back to womankind.
And women all over the world have responded in a joyful but revolutionary spirit and joined the Slut Walk.
The use of the word slut and the carnivalesque, celebratory protest that accompanies the movement then becomes the expression of female sexuality and pleasure that manifests outside the male libidinal economy. Women are building up their revolutionary linguistic arsenal having already reclaimed the words “vagina” and “slut”.
With the ongoing reclamation of these feminine words, the public discourse will inevitably find its way back into the feminine arena. This is why we need the Slut Walk.
It is a manifestation of our collective desire to no longer be obedient. It unites women in a common sisterhood and it raises our voices in a collective feminine language such that we will no longer be spoken for.
l Schutte is an award-winning independent film-maker, writer and social justice activist. She is a founding member of Media for Justice and co-producer at Handheld Films. This article first appeared on the South African Civil Society Information Service website.