Australia's devastating floods could remove 5 percent or more of steelmaking coal from world markets and lift prices by a third or more, analysts estimated on Wednesday, as damage and disruption to coal infrastructure continue to spread with the floodwaters. Australia's Bowen Basin coal district, the heart of the coking coal industry in Queensland state, is slowly emerging from floods that have now raced south, but recovery has been slow, with one Queensland coal port closed and two restricted.
Slightly more than half the world's metallurgical coal exports come from Australia, most of it destined for steelmakers in Asia. Roughly 90 percent of that coal comes from Queensland, mostly the Bowen Basin.
Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) in a report said the floods could remove nearly 14 million tonnes of coking coal from world markets, and that figure could rise if rains returned to the Bowen Basin.
CBA also said it expected the emerging supply shortfall to drive contract coking coal prices 30 percent higher to $293 a tonne in the second quarter from around the $225, free on board, being charged by BHP Billiton to Japanese customers in the current quarter.
“Open-cut mines are flooded, mine roads and railways are underwater and/or washed out,” the bank said in a report.
“Full recovery will take months and that assumes rains stop, despite another two to three months of the wet season to go.”
Energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie sees hard coking coal spot prices exceeding $400 per tonne. Moody's predicts a more modest increase to $300 a tonne.
Deutsche Bank has revised up its overall fiscal 2011 hard-coking and soft-coking coal prices by 22-25 percent.
Hard coking coal spot prices reached a peak of $350 to $375 a tonne in 2008, the last time Australia's collieries faced serious flooding.
The impact from flooding so far on thermal coal markets is less dramatic. CBA estimates 3.6 million tonnes - less than 2 percent of total Australian output last year - will be lost.
But with some thermal coal exports being diverted to meet demand for metallurgical coal, thermal prices are also on an upward trajectory, with prices up $10 overnight to the highest in a year.
Thermal prices could meet or exceed the high of $197 per tonne free-on-board Newcastle seen in 2008, according to Wood Mackenzie.
Showers are forecast for the rest of this week around the Bowen Basin coal centres of Emerald and Rockhampton, but the heavy rains have passed and clear skies are expected by the weekend.
If rains continue to abate, coal exports could pick up in the second quarter, according to UBS.
But because coal miners were already operating at full capacity before the floods, “there's only a return to where we were, no catch-up,” it said.
Australia's largest coking-coal export terminal, Dalrymple Bay, has only operated at 60 percent of normal volumes so far in January and is concerned inventories of coal held by mines will run out.
Following the wettest November and December on record, more than 40 mines suspended operations.
Since floods began receding in the Bowen Basin this week, the coal sector has suffered yet more setbacks as rains flooded out another rail line further south, forcing more collieries to close.
Australian ports and rail operator Asciano warned the closures were hurting its business.
Asciano signalled a downgrade to its revenue forecast and said coal haulage in New South Wales state, south of Queensland, was also hit by congestion and restricted availability of coal.
New South Wales accounts for most of Australia's thermal coal exports, which are used to fuel power stations.
Asciano's larger rival and top coal transporter QR National has shut some lines and warned of major disruptions.
One of its key rail corridors, the Blackwater line, remained inaccessible for inspection, a QR National spokesman said.
“There are still some parts underwater so until they are all above the water line we won't be able to inspect them properly,” he said.
Unlike rail and mining-services companies, the coal-mining companies will at least be compensated by surging coking coal prices as Asian steelmills chase alternative supplies.
CBA calculates that 10.3 million tonnes of coking coal may have already been removed from seaborne markets, with alternative supply from the United States and Canada replacing to only a “small extent” the lost Australian production.
The Appalachia region of the United States is the world's second-largest supplier of coking coals after Australia. - Reuters