JOHANNESBURG - The changing structure of South Africa’s labour market means the country is unlikely to see any reduction in its high levels of unemployment. This is one of the key findings of the latest Fast Facts report published by the IRR.
The report shows that South Africa has shifted from having an economy based on mining and manufacturing to one based on skills and services. In 1990, mining and manufacturing accounted for 12.9% and 28.7% of formal employment respectively.
In 2017, mining accounts for 4.9% and manufacturing 12.3%, while jobs in the more skilled sectors of finance (22.6%), trade (21.8%) and community, social and government services (26.9%) account for the bulk of South Africa’s formal employment.
IRR analyst Gabriela Mackay notes: “This is particularly worrying as the change in structure means that there is no longer a large low and semi-skilled sector capable of absorbing the bulk of the labour force lacking the skills and education to find jobs in the skilled sector. Today, education is the key factor; the absorption rate is highest for those with a tertiary education, at 75.6%, while for those with matric it is 50.3%.”
Another worrying trend in the report is that South Africa’s overall labour force absorption remains low at 43.3%, with young black people being most affected by unemployment:
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The number of unemployed people (according to the expanded definition) has increased from 6.6 million in 2001 to 9.3 million in 2017; Of the 9.3 million unemployed people, 6 million are under the age of 35; Of the 9.3 million unemployed people, 8.3 million are black, and the unemployment rate for black people is between 4 to 5 times higher than that of white people, which reflects South Africa’s uneven skills profile.
Mackay added: “South Africa’s economy is hampered not only by a low demand for commodities, but also the combined impact of poor policies and frequent cabinet reshuffles, which, together, have resulted in the loss of investor capital and, thus, the scope for creating jobs. It is unlikely that there will be any improvement, and we can expect to see a continuing trend of job shedding and increasing unemployment rates.”