N ew Delhi - This year, the family of bank clerk Rakesh Pillai achieved a long-held aspiration.
After hauling themselves around on bicycles and scooters all their lives, they bought a white Suzuki Wagon R, one of India's best-selling compact cars.
It didn't matter that no family member knew how to drive. Pillai immediately took the car for a spin around his neighbourhood in New Delhi. He almost knocked down a couple of pedestrians, scratched a car door on a gate when making a turn, and bumped a wall while trying to reverse.
“In India, the main rule for most drivers is that you don't stop for anyone,” said Pillai, 31, who wears frameless glasses and sports a neatly trimmed moustache. “Cars don't stop for walkers, and walkers don't stop for cars.”
India has the world's deadliest roads, the result of a flood of untrained drivers, inadequate law enforcement, badly maintained highways and cars that fail modern crash tests.
Alarmed by the increasing fatalities, the new government has begun a five-year project to cut road deaths by 20 percent each year, part of the most ambitious overhaul of highway laws since independence in 1947.
About 1.2 million Indians were killed in car accidents over the past decade, on average one every four minutes, while 5.5 million were seriously injured.
While road deaths in many emerging markets have dipped even as vehicle sales rose, Indian fatalities have shot up by half in the past 10 years.
DRASTIC FINES
The government is proposing a drastic increase in fines and prison sentences for dangerous driving. It will create an authority with a sole focus on road safety, impose stricter regulations on car manufacturers, and employ technology such as automated driving tests, to cut down on corruption.
Drivers caught speeding or who drink and drive will face a fine of 50 000 rupees (R9000) - 10 times the average monthly salary - and the threat of jail. The current maximum fine for speeding is 1000 rupees (R180) and for drink driving 3000 rupees (R550).
“It is not going to change road habits overnight, and any success will depend on a lot of work from the government to ensure these laws are implemented,” said Piyush Tewari, who founded the SaveLIFE Foundation to reduce accidents after his teenage cousin was killed in a crash.
The new law was inspired by the death of Rural Development Minister Gopinath Munde in a crash in June. Munde, a close ally of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, was the third senior politician to die in a car accident since 2000.
The legislation, to be introduced in a parliament session starting in November, will be a test of Modi's ability to win cross-party consensus because he lacks an upper-house majority.
90-SECOND DRIVING TEST
At a test centre in Delhi last week, Pillai stood in a queue that snaked outside into the autumn sunshine, where touts told candidates they could skip the line and the test for a fee of about 2000 rupees (R330).
After an hour, Pillai was called for his test on a busy road near a shopping mall. It involved driving in a straight line, pulling into a right-hand lane, making a U-turn and then another, before arriving back at the start.
It took all of 90 seconds.
The examiner, standing under an umbrella, didn't get into the car and tried to keep track of more than 10 vehicles and motorcycles taking the test at the same time.
India has one the world's fastest-growing car markets, with two million sold each year.
In a nation of new drivers, much of the road etiquette has come from how people walk. Drivers seize any space in front of them and tailgate whenever possible. On the highway, if drivers miss a turn, they stop, reverse and try again.
Adding to the danger, drivers share roads with camels, elephants, bullock carts, trucks, tractors and cyclists. Roads are pot-holed and pedestrians dart out into traffic. It is common to see broken glass, overturned trucks and crumpled cars by the roadside.
The World Health Organisation estimates that cutting road deaths and injuries could add three percent to India's economic output, .
India has few drivers relative to its population, with only 41 cars for every 1000 people - roughly equivalent to the figure for the United States in 1917 - but the numbers promise to keep soaring.
Harman Singh, of safety campaign group Arrive Safe said: “Sadly, I predict we are going to keep seeing a spiral in road deaths. It is easier to pass a law than to change a mindset.”
Reuters