Rome - When scientist
Peter Soroye first saw the figures showing estimated bumblebee
populations in North America had fallen by nearly 50% in a
single generation, he thought it must be a typo.
He checked the numbers - the result of a long-term analysis
of bumblebee populations published in the journal Science on
Thursday - seven times to be sure they were accurate.
Rising temperatures are contributing to drastic declines of
bumblebees across Europe and North America at rates "consistent
with a mass extinction", threatening food cultivation, the study
concluded.
The researchers estimated that Europe's bumblebee
populations fell by 17% between the two periods the study looked
at - from 1901 to 1974 and from 2000 to 2014 - while in North
America, the figure was 46%.
"The last time that we've seen a similar kind of rate of
extinction was when the asteroid struck the earth and killed the
dinosaurs," said Soroye, lead author of the study and a PhD
student at University of Ottawa.
"So I don't think there's much discussion right now as to
whether we're in a period of mass extinction."
The report's authors "couldn't believe that the declines
were this severe over such a short time period," Soroye told the
Thomson Reuters Foundation by phone, calling the declines
"really severe".
Declining bee populations have also been linked to heavy
pesticide use and habitat loss caused by changes in land use.
But Soroye said global warming was exacerbating their plight.
"This paper in no way absolved ... pesticides or habitat
loss. It's that climate change is another thing that's been
added to the mix that's driving this extinction," he said.
Bumblebees are larger than honeybees, and while they do not
produce honey, they are important pollinators.
"When they land on flowers, they physically shake these
flowers and shake the pollen off," said Soroye.
"A lot of crops like squash, berries, tomatoes need
bumblebees to pollinate them, and honeybees or other pollinators
just can't do that."
Bees play a crucial role in producing healthy fruits or
seeds for three quarters of the crops that feed people,
according to the United Nations.
Yet studies show pollinator populations have been declining
across much of the world.
If the trend continues, nutritious fruits, nuts and many
vegetables would have to be substituted by staple crops like
rice, corn, and potatoes, leading to an imbalanced diet, the
U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization warned in 2019.
The researchers used a database encompassing 550,000 records
of 66 bumblebee species from 1901 to 1974 and from 2000 to 2014
and compared their distribution and diversity to local changes
in temperature and precipitation.
Much larger declines are "likely if climate change
accelerates in the coming years", the study's co-author Tim
Newbold from the University College London said in a statement.
The 10-year period from 2010-2019 is likely to be the
hottest decade on record, the Geneva-based World Meteorological
Organization said recently.
Warming southern regions such as Spain and Mexico saw the
biggest losses, the researchers said.