Cape Town - More than two decades on from a genocide that claimed 800 000 lives, Rwanda is taking another step toward looking like the closest thing Africa has to Switzerland.
A tiny, landlocked, mountainous nation, Rwanda’s economy has outperformed almost all its continental peers, with annual growth averaging 7.8 percent since 2000. Like Switzerland, which hosts the World Economic Forum in Davos every year, it’s also about to welcome delegates to the organisation’s annual African gathering.
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“Nurturing an attractive business environment has become more important for many African nations to sustain growth, as lower commodity revenue and aid inflows have fallen,” Mark Bohlund, Africa economist with Bloomberg Intelligence in London, said by phone. “Rwanda has led the way by cutting red tape, providing tax incentives and improving governance, which has helped overcome the disadvantages of its small size, lack of port access and limited natural resources.”
The Swiss parallel of Rwanda’s economic success story, furthered with a ranking by the World Bank as mainland Africa’s easiest place to do business, doesn’t extend to its reputation for upholding democracy. Civil rights groups accuse the government of stifling opposition and have criticised a constitutional change that will allow President Paul Kagame, who has been in power since 2000 and taken credit for Rwanda’s economic success, to stand for a third term.
Kagame’s administration has built the tourism industry into the country’s biggest foreign-exchange earner by hosting events such as the WEF and the African Development Bank’s 2014 annual meeting and luring visitors to see endangered mountain gorillas and climb volcanoes. It’s also boosted agricultural output and manufacturing by improving roads and electricity supply. Rwanda’s experiences feature high on the agenda of the WEF gathering, which will focus on how African countries can harness technology and knowledge to spur growth.
“The slump in energy and commodities prices have demonstrated the urgent need for greater diversification and entrepreneurship across Africa,” said Elsie Kanza, the WEF’s head of Africa. Rwanda “stands as a good example of how long-term planning and savvy investing can lead to sustainable and inclusive growth”.
Kagame, 58, led the rebel army that ended the 100-day killing spree in 1994 that targeted minority Tutsis and moderate Hutus. He was cleared to stand for re-election next year, after more than 98 percent of people who voted in a referendum backed a constitutional amendment to extend presidential term limits.
Opposition parties have very little scope to function freely in Rwanda, while the government imposes tight restrictions on freedom of speech and its views dominate the domestic media, Human Rights Watch said in its 2016 global review. The New York-based group said it continues to receive information on people being held unlawfully in military custody and other unofficial detention centres.
The government’s determination to maintain security and its co-ordinated fiscal and monetary policy should continue to provide impetus for growth and new investment, according to Maurice Toriotich, the chief executive officer of Kenya Commercial Bank’s Rwandan unit. Foreign direct investment in Rwanda will probably rise 36 percent this year to $1.5 billion, the nation’s development board said last month.
“The government has a good PR machine,” Toriotich said by phone from Kigali, the Rwandan capital. “Investment returns continue to be attractive.”
BLOOMBERG