London - According to song, the look of love is in your eyes. The way to marital harmony, however, may be up the nose.
In a scientific experiment, couples who sprayed themselves with a compound containing the hormone oxytocin before discussing contentious issues behaved more positively.
Women were less emotionally aroused and men more aroused after using the spray. According to researchers, the women who took part in the tests were more friendly, less demanding and less anxious, while men were more aware of social cues, positive, and likely to engage.
Oxytocin is produced mainly in the hypothalamus region of the brain. It had been studied in women because it is released during labour to dilate the cervix, boost contractions and trigger the release of milk in the breasts.
In the new study, reported in Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, researchers looked at its effects on stress and the activity of the autonomic nervous system during disagreements.
This part of the nervous system automatically regulates organs of the body, and research has shown it is more active during conflict between couples, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure. At least 47 percent of couples, aged 20 to 50, who were married or had been cohabiting for at least a year, took part in the study at the University of Zurich.
Couples chose a topic to discuss about which they continually disagreed, then self-administered five puffs of either the oxytocin or a placebo spray.
Forty-five minutes later, each couple were left alone in a room and filmed while they talked about the subject that usually rubbed them up the wrong way.
At various times during the experiments, the researchers took saliva swabs to check for compounds that show how the nervous system is working. The results showed that compared to those who had sniffed the placebo, women who had the oxytocin spray experienced a drop in nervous system activity, whereas in the men it went up.
The men displayed increased positive behaviour; the women became more friendly. In general, the researchers say, women tend to show demanding behaviour more frequently, while men tend to withdraw: “In our study, oxytocin might have driven quiescence in women and social salience and approach behaviour in men.”
Kavita Vedhara, professor of health psychology at Nottingham University, said the findings were interesting. “We are much clearer about the biological role of oxytocin in women, but these data suggest it could have significant effects in men. What they have shown is that oxytocin appears to reduce women’s emotional and physiological arousal after verbal conflict, but that the drug has the opposite effect on men, increasing both their emotional and physiological arousal. It is not clear if the increased emotion in men was always positive, but it was certainly associated with more positive behaviours during the conflict situation.”
The researchers now want to look further into the possible benefits of oxytocin on warring couples. “It is possible that the effect simply produced short-term changes in how couples interact with each other,” said Vedhara.
“This might help to take the heat out of an argument. But whether it helps to resolve the issues that lead to arguments is not clear.” – The Independent on Sunday