TOKYO - When Toyota launches its first fully-electric Lexus product next year, the vehicle will be able to drive autonomously on highways, a big step for the Japanese carmaker, which has so far trailed rivals in bringing self-driving cars to market.
Announced at the Tokyo Motor Show this week, the new Lexus shows how Toyota is putting its research on self-driving technology to work in cars that have limited automation.
That strategy comes as more carmakers - and even governments - are taking a longer view toward artificial intelligence (AI) and self-driving cars, paring back development targets after fatal accidents in Tesla cars have shown the complexity of the technology.
Right now, component manufacturers and venture companies working on the technology "are revising their timeline for AI deployment significantly," Executive Vice President Shigeki Tomoyama told a small group of reporters this week.
While Toyota is using the motor show to tout its push to become a "future mobility company" showcasing futuristic, AI-based driving companions and miniature delivery robots, on the sidelines, Tomoyama injected a dose of reality about the pace of developing future cars.
"Right from the get-go, we figured it's going to be a time-consuming endeavour," he said. "There's no particular need to rethink the time frame for our AI self-drive technology investment and development."
Toyota next year will release its first so-called "Level 2" autonomous car, capable of driving itself on the highway, "from entrance to exit, with traffic merging capability," Tomoyama said.
It's going to be a while before drivers can get as relaxed behind the wheel as this Toyota executive, who was showing off the BEV Concept at the Tokyo Motor Show. Picture: Edgar Su / Reuters.
Other carmakers already market "Level 2" cars, but a growing number are pushing out their schedules to develop future autonomous technologies, citing the high hurdle to clear before enabling cars to perform more driving tasks.
Nissan has also abandoned an earlier in-house target to develop cars which can drive themselves on city streets by 2020. At the moment, its cars are able to drive on highways and park autonomously.
To develop the more advanced "Level 3" hands-free automated driving technology, Nissan will need at least until the late 2020s, Tetsuro Ueda, an expert at Nissan's mobility service research centre, told reporters this month.
'Huge complexities'
Volkswagen is also grappling with the size of the challenge.
"We really thought at the beginning, it would be just maybe next year or so," said Aria Etemad, a project manager at Volkswagen Group Research. "But as we dig into that topic, we see huge complexities that we are facing."
Tesla is a notable exception to the cautious view. Chief Executive Elon Musk told investors on Wednesday that Tesla could release software to enable "fully functional full self-driving" capability by the end of this year.
File picture: Beck Diefenbach / Reuters.
However, Musk qualified that by saying cars would still need to be "supervised" by a human driver. By the end of next year, Musk said Tesla hopes to release autonomous driving software "reliable enough that you do not need to pay attention". But he added "acceptance by regulatory authorities will vary by jurisdiction."
It's not just car manufacturers that are tempering expectations. Singapore, a pioneer for practical testing of autonomous vehicles, has struck a more cautious tone.
"We are not in a rush to be the first adopter," Khaw Boon Wan, the transport minister, said this week. "I look forward to a larger-scale adoption of AV (Autonomous Vehicle) technology in Singapore, but I think this will not be in the near future."
The comments surprised industry experts who view Singapore as the ideal test bed for driverless vehicles given its wealth, small size and top-notch infrastructure. The city state has even created a test zone for driverless vehicles with traffic lights, bus stops and a rain simulator.
"If Singapore is saying this, then maybe other governments will follow suit," said Hussein Dia, professor of future urban mobility at Swinburne University in Melbourne, Australia.
"Whatever comes out of Singapore, the world watches and listens," he added, referring to its driverless expertise.
Motion testing
General Motors' self-driving unit, Cruise, said earlier this year that it was delaying the commercial deployment of cars past its target of 2019 as more testing of the vehicles was required.
In GM's case, unexpected technical challenges, including the difficulty for cars to identify whether objects are in motion, are requiring the company to take more time and caution to develop its technology, sources have told Reuters.
The Japanese components maker Denso, Toyota's biggest supplier, believes it will take years for the technology for fully self-driving cars to hit the roads. For now it is working towards developing cars that can accelerate and brake on their own with driver monitoring.
"The most difficult aspect of developing these driving systems is to anticipate unexpected movements in the vehicle's surroundings," said Hajime Kumabe, the head of Denso's engineering R&D centre in Tokyo.