Paris/London - Britain, France and Germany
will trigger the dispute resolution mechanism in the 2015
nuclear deal with Iran, two European diplomats said on Tuesday,
the biggest step the Europeans have taken in response as Tehran
has backed off nuclear commitments.
In one of the strongest calls yet from Europe for a new
agreement to replace the 2015 deal that Washington abandoned two
years ago, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said the way
forward was to agree a new "Trump deal".
Washington's European allies have tried to keep the nuclear
agreement from collapsing since President Donald Trump pulled
the United States out of it in 2018. Under the agreement,
international sanctions against Iran were lifted in return for
Tehran agreeing to curbs on its nuclear programme.
But Washington has reimposed sanctions, denying Iran most of
the economic benefits. Iran has responded by gradually exceeding
many of the limitations it had signed up to in the deal. This
month it said it would abandon limits on its production of
enriched uranium, a step the Europeans said was likely to force
them to respond.
The European diplomats said Britain, France and Germany
would notify the European Union later on Tuesday that they were
triggering the dispute resolution mechanism.
Under the mechanism outlined in the deal, the EU would then
inform the other parties - Russia and China as well as Iran
itself. There would then be 15 days to resolve the differences,
a deadline which can be extended by consensus.
The process can ultimately lead to a "snapback" - the
reimposition of sanctions in place under previous U.N.
resolutions.
CREDIBILITY
"At one point we have to show our credibility," said one of
the European diplomats. The second diplomat said: "Our intention
is not to restore sanctions, but to resolve our differences
through the very mechanism that was created in the deal."
Washington's exit from the nuclear pact, and the severe
economic distress caused by the U.S. sanctions that followed,
have fed one of the biggest escalations in hostility between the
United States and Iran since Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution.
That has accelerated sharply since Jan. 3, when the United
States killed the most powerful Iranian military commander,
Qassem Soleimani, in a drone strike in Baghdad.
On Jan. 8, Iran accidentally shot down a Ukrainian airliner
while its forces were on high alert following strikes on U.S.
targets. After days of denials, the Iranian authorities
acknowledged responsibility for the crash, and have since faced
days of anti-government demonstrations at home.
Trump says his aim in quitting the nuclear deal was to force
Iran to sign up to a more stringent pact. Tehran says it will
not renegotiate as long as U.S. sanctions are in place.
Britain's Johnson, a conservative who has pitched himself as
an ally of Trump who can help bridge the diplomatic gap between
the United States and Europe, said he wanted to avoid a military
conflict with Iran.
"Let's dial this thing down," he said in an interview with
the BBC.
On the deal, he said: "If we're going to get rid of it,
let's replace it and let's replace it with the Trump deal...
President Trump is a great dealmaker, by his own account. Let's
work together to replace the JCPOA and get the Trump deal
instead."