Johannesburg - Affinity Health, a provider of healthcare, said gaslighting may lead a person to develop mental health concerns.
The constant self-doubt and confusion can contribute to anxiety, hopelessness, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress, co-dependency, and depression, according to Affinity Health.
"Gaslighting is an abusive technique used to cause someone to doubt their thoughts and feelings. At first, the abuse is often subtle,“ said Affinity Health chief executive Murray Hewlett.
Hewlett used the example of someone telling a story, and the abuser may question a minor detail.
“The person may admit they were mistaken about a detail and then move on. The abuser may use that previous 'victory' to further discredit the person, perhaps by questioning the person's memory. Over time, the individual may begin to doubt their emotions and memories. They may rely on their abuser to determine whether their memory is correct or their emotions are 'reasonable'. The abuser takes advantage of this trust to gain control over their victim," said Hewlett.
He added that gaslighting is frequently portrayed in popular culture as a man abusing his wife. However, people of any gender can gaslight others or be gaslighted.
Affinity Health discusses some 10 warning signs of gaslighting:
1. Lies
Even if you are confident that you are being told a lie, the person gaslighting you will try to convince you that it's the truth.
2. Distortion
You may be sure that you heard something, but someone who is gaslighting you will often make you feel guilty by denying ever saying such a thing. They may also employ a technique known as 'distortion', in which they distort older memories or facts - these can be different from what you're discussing, but they will usually add to the confusion.
3. Downplaying Your Emotions
You may say something and be met with a smirk or a laugh. The person gaslighting you may accuse you of being overly sensitive, making you or your feelings appear insignificant.
4. Feelings Of Anxiety And Self-Doubt
Gaslighting is not something that happens overnight; it takes time. The accumulation of lies and negative comments creates an environment in which you feel anxious and begin to doubt yourself.
5. Words Take Priority Over Actions
Examine a person's actions. With gaslighters, their actions and words often tell two very different stories. Anyone can say anything, and words have no meaning; what matters is what they do.
6. Positive Reinforcement
Although it may appear counter-productive, people who gaslight frequently include positive reinforcement among the negativity. Keep an eye on whatever you are praised for; did it benefit the gaslighter?
7. Perplexity
The person gaslighting understands that confusion breeds weakness, so the goal is to undermine your stability. It's not uncommon for victims to seek reassurance and stability from someone they care about or crave approval from - usually the gaslighter.
8. Projection
Expect the gaslighter to accuse you of something they do themselves. It frequently causes you to feel the need to defend yourself, diverting attention away from the gaslighter's actions.
9. Isolating You From Friends And Family
You might discover that the gaslighter is attempting to turn people against you - or making you believe they are. A gaslighter will occasionally tell you things that they want you to believe another person is thinking. Alternatively, they may try to convince others that you are unstable or a liar to make you question your reality.
10. Altering Your Environment
They may begin to alter your surroundings in a variety of ways. Things may appear missing for some time before magically reappearing where you thought they had been all along.
Hewlett said that often, the first step to healing from gaslighting is to educate yourself so that you understand what you're dealing with.
"When a situation or a comment feels manipulative, write it down so you can refer back to it if you're unsure. When speaking with the gaslighter, remember to stay alert to their tactics and any emotional triggers they may use,“ he said.
“Spend some time deciding whether or not you can save the relationship, assuming the person stops gaslighting. Speak positively to yourself and be kind to yourself, even when it's difficult.”
The Star