Luxor -By the time Egyptian health authorities learned about the coronavirus case on the Nile cruise ship, the infections had spread around the world.
As long ago as late January, a Taiwanese American passenger on the MS Asara was carrying the novel coronavirus, health officials said. But the vessel would make at least four more cruises, and at least 12 crew members would turn out to be infected. Some or all of them had worked on the cruises in February and early March, said a crew member under quarantine and a senior health official in Luxor.
Hundreds of foreign passengers, including dozens of Americans, and Egyptians were potentially exposed to the virus between mid-February and early March - a dramatic illustration of how, from a single, overlooked infection, the novel coronavirus could swiftly multiply and be carried across the globe.
Even after Egyptian health authorities were notified March 1 that the Taiwanese American woman had been carrying the virus while on the Asara and may have infected others on the ship, the vessel set sail on March 5 on yet another cruise while Egyptian health officials awaited the results of tests on the crew.
By then, an American travel agency that books Nile cruises had been told by the CDC that Americans on an earlier cruise of the Asara may have been infected. The travel agency, Gate 1, contacted the boat operator and the Egyptian Embassy in Washington, according to the company's vice president for marketing, Marty Seslow. Gate 1 was informed that all the crew had tested negative for the virus, Seslow said.
This photo provided by Javier Parodi, shows a selfie of Javier Parodi, left, Grissel Parodi and Amy Khamissian, on board the Nile cruise ship MS Asarade. Picture: AP
"We were given information that no one was sick and everyone was fine," Seslow said. "Within 24 hours, we were told dozens were sick."
Although Gate 1 was initially informed that the crew had tested negative, Seslow said the company decided to tell those clients aboard the ship about the CDC's notification and offered to end their trip. But the passengers chose to remain on board.
"The reason we decided to stay on the vessel is because we were told initially that the crew had been tested and they had tested negative, and the ship had been disinfected twice," said Amy Khamissian, 65, a paralegal from Miami. "We figured we'd be safer in this confined area. We were, at that point, misinformed."
Less than a day later, when the ship reached Luxor, the passengers' throats and nostrils were swabbed and blood was collected.
Photo, provided by Javier Parodi, shows supplies for passengers under quarantine because of the new coronavirus, on board the Nile cruise ship MS Asarade. Picture: AP
Thirty-three of them tested positive, including at least three Americans and 16 other foreigners, in addition to the 12 infected crew members. The infected passengers and crew members were taken to a hospital in northern Egypt for isolation and treatment. The rest, including 26 Americans and at least 56 other foreigners, were quarantined on the vessel.
With 64 comfortable cabins and two suites, the Asara is popular with American and other foreign travellers. It have five decks, including a sun deck and swimming pool, and can carry as many as 132 passengers.
Retirees Pamela Allen, 69, and Harold Allen, 72, of Pennsylvania boarded the Asara on Feb. 26. They were in Egypt for a nine-day trip, thinking they were getting away from the coronavirus tumult. Their vacation destination seemed to be free of the cases popping up elsewhere in the world.
"No one talked about the virus," Pamela Allen said. "We would see it on the news, but we weren't concerned. It was far away."
But toward the end of their cruise, workers began to "clean like mad," she said. "We didn't think anything of it at the time," she said. "Hindsight tells us now that they knew."
When the couple flew back home to Pennsylvania on March 5, US customs officers asked whether they had been in China. When they said they had travelled to Egypt, they were waved through. Only when they saw news that their ship had been put under quarantine did they wonder whether they, too, should be in quarantine. Neither showed signs of illness.
Photo provided by Javier Parodi, shows a designated recovery area for those showing symptoms of the new coronavirus, on board the Nile cruise ship MS Asarade. Picture: AP
Their tour company, Gate 1, contacted their local health department, which called the Allens and told them to stay home. Officials wearing masks, gowns and gloves showed up at their door with paperwork as well as masks for the couple to wear.
"It could be worse," Pamela Allen said. "We could be quarantined in Egypt."
The Asara cruises, ranging from two to seven nights, typically stop in the Nile River temple towns of Edfu, Kom Ombo and Esna. There, the Asara passengers would have been in close contact with scores of traders in markets, as well as hundreds of passengers from other boats. When they dock, boats are often lashed to each other, and Asara passengers would cross other ships to reach the shore, and passengers from other vessels would walk through the Asara. The crews of different ships would interact.
"If the crew had been infected . . . they would have posed a danger to everyone," a Luxor health official said.
None of the 12 infected members of the Asara crew showed symptoms, according to Egyptian health officials. They were all members of the household staff, who cleaned the cabins, washed the laundry and carried luggage, said the Luxor health official and the quarantined crew member who is still on the boat and spoke by telephone.
The outbreak on the Asara has torpedoed the tourist season. There has been a sharp decrease in recent days in the number of foreign tourists coming to Luxor, home to the famed Karnak Temple and the tomb of the boy king Tutankhamen, and a huge drop in local incomes.
Farrag Yousef, 49, a tour guide, recently refused a job on a cruise ship. "Many of my tour guide friends are afraid as well," he said. "We fear catching corona."
On the Asara, crew members worry about the future. The quarantined crew member - a 30-year-old cook - has a wife, and they are expecting their first child. They and his mother depend on his $200 (about R3 400) monthly salary from the Asara.
But now he's worried he may never find a job. Even though he has tested negative, he fears there will forever be a stigma associated with the Asara. Already, relatives of crew members have been harassed. "They are being targeted," said the cook, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because he fears attacks on his own family.
This week, in an attempt to defuse fears about the virus and entice tourists to return, Egyptian heath officials in Luxor randomly tested more than 2 400 people in hotels and on cruise ships, said the senior health official. They all tested negative, he said.
"It's a very weak virus," he declared.